Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

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What is the name of the disease caused by Rh incompatibility?

Sickle cell anemia
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Iron deficiency anemia
Leukemia

The correct answer is: Erythroblastosis fetalis

The disease caused by Rh incompatibility is known as erythroblastosis fetalis. This condition arises when a pregnant woman with Rh-negative blood carries a fetus with Rh-positive blood, inherited from the father. If fetal red blood cells enter the mother's circulation, her immune system may recognize them as foreign and produce antibodies against them. This immune response can lead to the destruction of the fetus's red blood cells, resulting in anemia, jaundice, and potentially serious complications for the fetus. The condition can be prevented with appropriate medical interventions, such as the administration of Rh immunoglobulin to the Rh-negative mother during pregnancy and after delivery.