Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

What is the second choice of energy metabolism used by the body, particularly in individuals with diabetes?

1. Carbohydrate Metabolism

2. Fat Metabolism

3. Protein Metabolism

4. Nucleic Acid Metabolism

The correct answer is: Fat Metabolism

Fat metabolism is the second choice of energy metabolism utilized by the body, especially in individuals with diabetes. When carbohydrate metabolism becomes impaired, as it often does in diabetes due to insulin resistance or deficiency, the body needs an alternative energy source. Fat metabolism kicks in to provide energy by breaking down stored fats into fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be converted into energy through a process known as beta-oxidation. In the case of diabetes, where glucose utilization is hindered, the increase in fatty acid oxidation can lead to the production of ketone bodies. This shift to fat metabolism illustrates how the body adapts to ensure that it maintains energy production even when its primary source, carbohydrates, is not as readily available. This metabolic adaptation is crucial for individuals with diabetes to understand, as it impacts both energy levels and overall health management.