Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

Which condition can result from severe vomiting?

1. Metabolic acidosis

2. Metabolic alkalosis

3. Respiratory acidosis

4. Respiratory alkalosis

The correct answer is: Metabolic alkalosis

Severe vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of gastric acid, which is primarily hydrochloric acid (HCl). When a person vomits, they expel not only the contents of their stomach but also significant amounts of acid. This loss of acid decreases the overall hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids, resulting in a higher pH, which characterizes metabolic alkalosis. In cases of metabolic alkalosis, the body’s bicarbonate levels may be elevated as well, as the loss of acid can shift the acid-base balance toward alkalinity. The condition is often accompanied by electrolyte imbalances, particularly a decrease in potassium levels, which can further exacerbate the metabolic state. Other conditions listed, such as metabolic acidosis or the respiratory conditions, do not directly result from vomitus evacuation and its associated loss of hydrochloric acid. For example, metabolic acidosis typically arises from an increase of acid (not a loss), while respiratory conditions are related to gas exchange and carbon dioxide levels rather than the loss of stomach contents. Thus, the occurrence of metabolic alkalosis as a consequence of severe vomiting highlights the importance of understanding the body's acid-base balance and the effects of gastrointestinal disturbances.