Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

Which metabolic process involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones?

1. Metabolism

2. Anabolism

3. Catabolism

4. Thermogenesis

The correct answer is: Catabolism

The process that involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones is catabolism. During catabolism, complex molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are degraded into smaller units, including sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids. This breakdown releases energy, which the body can use to fuel various physiological processes. Catabolism is a crucial part of metabolism, which is the umbrella term that encompasses all biochemical reactions in the body, including both catabolic and anabolic processes. Anabolism is the opposite of catabolism; it focuses on building larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy rather than releasing it. Thermogenesis refers to the process of heat production in organisms, which is not directly related to the breakdown of molecules. Thus, catabolism is specifically the metabolic pathway involved in the degradation of larger molecules.